{"id":86,"date":"2009-12-07T20:59:45","date_gmt":"2009-12-07T07:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science4all.blogtown.co.nz\/?p=86"},"modified":"2009-12-07T21:54:40","modified_gmt":"2009-12-07T08:54:40","slug":"macromolecules-of-living-cells","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science4all.blogtown.co.nz\/?p=86","title":{"rendered":"Macromolecules of living cells"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"left\">Cell physiology\ub780 \uc138\ud3ec\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc18c\ud654\uc791\uc6a9, \ud608\uc561\uc21c\ud658 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uadfc\uc721\ucd95\uc18c\uc6b4\ub3d9\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ubab8\uc740 \uac01\uac01 \ub2e4\ub978\uc138\ud3ec\uac00 \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud558\uae30\uc704\ud574 \ubaa8\uc591\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc815\uad50\ud558\uac8c \ub514\uc790\uc778 \ub418\uc5b4\uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">The chemical components of a cell: <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>1. water:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Good solvent<\/li>\n<li>chemical reaction<\/li>\n<li>water pressure in vacuoles(plant) keeps the cell turgid<\/li>\n<li>high thermal capacity &#8211; it can absorb a lot of heat without its temperature rising to levels which damage the proteins in the protoplasm. (\ubb3c\uc740 \uc12d\uc528 100\ub3c4\ub098 \ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ub053\uc744\uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc131\uc9c8\ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub354\uc6b4 \ub0a0\uc528\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc798 \ub053\uc9c0\uc54a\uae30\ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc774 \uc798 \uc0c1\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c\ub41c\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc 0\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5bc\uae30\ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc601\ud558\ub85c \ub0b4\ub824\uac00\ub294 \ub0a0\uc528\uc5d0\ub294 \ub3d9\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uac78\ub9ac\uac70\ub098, \uc2dd\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5bc\uc5b4\uc8fd\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"left\">\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>2. Protein:\u00a0Polymers <\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong> <\/strong>When small organic molecules (monomers) are\u00a0joined together \u2013 huge macromolecules (polymers)\u00a0are formed\u00a0when small organic molecules (monomers) are\u00a0joined together \u2013 huge macromolecules (polymers)\u00a0are formed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Carbohydrates consist of monosaccharide<\/li>\n<li>lipids consist of fatty acids<\/li>\n<li>proteins consist of amino acids<\/li>\n<li>nucleic acids consist of \u00a0nucleotides<\/li>\n<li>protein has C,H,N,O,S in its molecule<\/li>\n<li>most abundant macromolecule      in the cell<\/li>\n<li>structural, transport,      hormonal functions<\/li>\n<li>proteins very diverse in      living organisms<\/li>\n<li>20      dif. amino acids in all living things<\/li>\n<li>amino acids are linked      together by a peptide bond<\/li>\n<li><em>Enzymes <\/em>accelerate chemical reactions in cells. Enzyme\uc740 \uc790\uc2e0\uc740 \uc18c\ubaa8\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc138\ud3ec\uc548\uc758 \ud654\ud559\uc791\uc6a9\uc774 \ube68\ub9ac \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uac8c \ub3c4\uc640\uc8fc\ub294 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub192\uc740 \uc628\ub3c4\ub098, \ub9de\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 pH\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 denature\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9b0\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>Denaturation = Shape of the molecules alter, and proteins loose its original properties. Proteins form enzymes and many of the structures in the cell, so if they are denatured the\u00a0enzymes\u00a0and the cell structures will stop working and the cell will die.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. Carbohydrates<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Simple, soluble sugars or complex materials like starch and cellulose.<\/li>\n<li>all carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only<\/li>\n<li>commonly occurring simple sugar is glucose<\/li>\n<li>Monosaccharides = single carbon ring<\/li>\n<li>Disaccharides = two carbon rings in their molecules<\/li>\n<li>Polysaccharides = many glucose molecules are joined together, the carbohydrates. Not readily \u00a0soluble in water. eg) glycogen, starch, cellulose<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. Salts (ions)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>salts are present in cells in the form of their ions eg. sodium ions, chloride ions<\/li>\n<li>ions take part in and influence many chemical reactions in the cell.<\/li>\n<li>involved in determining how much water enters or leaves the cell.<\/li>\n<li>calcium, potassium, and sodium ions are particularly important in chemical changes related to electrical activities of a cell.<\/li>\n<li>Important for responding to stimuli or conducting nerve impulses.<\/li>\n<li>a shortage or excess of ions in the cells upsets their physiology and affects the normal functioning of the whole organism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5. Vitamins <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>plants can make their own vitamins<\/li>\n<li>animal cells have to be supplied with vitamins ready made.<\/li>\n<li>play a part in chemical reactions in the cell<\/li>\n<li>eg. transfer energy from one compound to another<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cell physiology\ub780 \uc138\ud3ec\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc18c\ud654\uc791\uc6a9, \ud608\uc561\uc21c\ud658 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uadfc\uc721\ucd95\uc18c\uc6b4\ub3d9\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ubab8\uc740 \uac01\uac01 \ub2e4\ub978\uc138\ud3ec\uac00 \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud558\uae30\uc704\ud574 \ubaa8\uc591\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc815\uad50\ud558\uac8c \ub514\uc790\uc778 \ub418\uc5b4\uc788\ub2e4. The chemical components of a cell: 1. water: Good solvent chemical reaction water pressure in vacuoles(plant) keeps the cell turgid high thermal capacity &#8211; &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science4all.blogtown.co.nz\/?p=86\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Macromolecules of living cells&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1509,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"slim_seo":{"title":"Macromolecules of living cells - science4all","description":"Cell physiology\ub780 \uc138\ud3ec\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc18c\ud654\uc791\uc6a9, \ud608\uc561\uc21c\ud658 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uadfc\uc721\ucd95\uc18c\uc6b4\ub3d9\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ubab8\uc740 \uac01\uac01 \ub2e4\ub978\uc138\ud3ec\uac00 \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud558\uae30\uc704\ud574 \ubaa8\uc591\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc815\uad50\ud558\uac8c \ub514\uc790\uc778 \ub418\uc5b4\uc788\ub2e4. The ch"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6308],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gcse-biology-cie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science4all.blogtown.co.nz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science4all.blogtown.co.nz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science4all.blogtown.co.nz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science4all.blogtown.co.nz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1509"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science4all.blogtown.co.nz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=86"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/science4all.blogtown.co.nz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":89,"href":"https:\/\/science4all.blogtown.co.nz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86\/revisions\/89"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science4all.blogtown.co.nz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=86"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science4all.blogtown.co.nz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=86"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science4all.blogtown.co.nz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=86"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}